KŘÍŽENCI
V různých dobách se jim říkalo různě, například podvraťáci, bastardi nebo voříšci či myšáci plyšáci. Všichni kříženci však mají některé společné vlastnosti. Nikdy je nikdo nekřížil pro nějaké zvláštní účely a vyskytuje se u nich mnohem méně vrozených vad, také zdaleka tolik netrpí širokou škálou zdravotních potíží, ke kterým patří např. slepota, srdeční choroby a dysplazie kyčlí, jež jsou až příliž časté u čistokrevných psů. Navíc jsou kříženci laciní a je jich spousta. Lidé si jich však obvykle váží mnohem méně než čistokrevných psů, přestože poskytují stejnouradost a jejich společnost je stejně užitečná.
Co vlastně voříšek je?
Voříšek je pes, který nepřísluší k žádnému plemeni. Tím však stojíme před další otázkou:Co je to psí plemeno? Biologové by řekli, že plemeno (rasa) je podskupinou živočišného druhu, přičemž tato podskupina musí vykazovat stejné charakteristické znaky, kterými se zároveň odlišuje od jiných podskupin stejného druhu. V praxi to znamená, že jezevčík i pudl patří ke druhu PES, ovšem jejich odlišné znaky jsou natolik výrazné, že není pochyb o tom, který pes patří ke kterému plemeni. Pokud bychom nyní onoho jezevčíka a pudla zkřížili, narodila by se jistě velmi legrační, čilá a originální štěňata, ale o příslušnosti k rase už nemůže být řeč. Proč vlastně? Jak to, že existují krátkonozí psi z bílohnědou střapatou srstí, protáhlím čenichem, zakrouceným ocasem a překlopenýma ušima, kterým se v jednom případě říka VOŘÍŠCI a v jiném případě jde o ČISTOKREVNÉ PLEMENO, ačkoliv oba si jsou knerozeznání podobní?Proč voříšci čekají na svého páníčka v útulcích, kde je možné je pořídit za levný peníz, zatímco jejich soukmenovci mají rodokmen, stojí značnou sumu a jmenují se KROMFOHRLÄNDŘI? Tyto kromfohrländři jsou ostatně nejmladší německým plemenem a jsou to - stejně jako jakákoliv jiná rasa - kříženci.
Jsou voříšci lepší psi?
Na začátek je nutné předeslat jedno zásadní varovaní: Genetika není schopná předpovídat výsledky se 100% jistotou. To znamená, že o kříženci nemůžeme jenom kvůli tomu, že je kříženec, automaticky tvrdit, že bude zcela zdraví a charekterově bezvadný. V genetické výbavě, kterou si každý pes nese, se mohou prosadit i nějaké negativní faktory. Můžeme však říci, že existuje velmi velká pravděpodobnost, že voříšek bude statný, učenlivý, málo problematický, v chování flexibilní a přispůsobilý. Věda hovoří v této souvislosti o " efektu heterogenního křížení ". Laicky bychom řekli, že při křížení dochází k jákémusi osvěžení krve. To má pozitivní účinek, neboť zabraňuje vzniku degenerací, které jsou dúsledkem páření v malé skupině nebo mezi příbuznými jedinci. A skutečnost, že takové rozmnožování má za následek nejen fyzické, ale i duševní postížení potomstva, můžeme vidět i na lidském rodu.
Budoucnost voříšků
Voříšci jsou dnes v módě - 19.století je překonáno! Stále více lidí má dostatek sebevědomí, aby si bez jakýchkoli zábran pořídili čtyřnohého kamaráda zvaného " pouliční směsc ". Čím více se člověk znovu přiznává k přírodě, tím více přirozenosti chce také ponechat svému psu. Voříšci jsou dnes nejoblíbenějšími psy a například v Německu tvoří více než čtvrtinu všech psů. Voříšky si přitom nepořizují jen " soukromníci " - bývají nasazováni i tam, kde jde o výkon. Například jako vodiči pro nevědomé nebo jako hlídači stád ovcí. Mezi záchranářskými psy, kteří vyhledávají oběti v sutinách a lavinách, zaujímají voříčci na celém světě významné místo. A stejně jako dříve existuje ještě jedna oblast, kde mohou voříšci plně rozvinout svůj důvtip, herecké umění a inteligenci - cirkus. V poslední době jsou tito roztomilí a veselí chlapíci žádáni také ve filmu, televizi a reklamě. Lassie už dosloužila. Hvězdy současného plátna se jmenují Buma, Benji a Bingo - jsou to voříšci. Což jen dokazuje, co majitelé kříženců vědí už dlouho: že totiž kvalita psa nemá s příslušností k plemeni nic společného!
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